{"id":10665,"date":"2024-02-19T06:17:01","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T06:17:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/?page_id=10665"},"modified":"2025-03-01T15:00:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T21:00:07","slug":"brain-panel-measure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/medical__trashed\/brain-panel-measure\/","title":{"rendered":"Healthcare Provider &#8211; The Science &#8211; What the Autoimmune Brain Panel Measures"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10665\" class=\"elementor elementor-10665\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dd1125 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0dd1125\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a70364c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a70364c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce61485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ce61485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tptitle\">The Science<\/div><h1 class=\"ttitlesm\">What Does The Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 Measure?<\/h1>\r\n        <div class=\"herodescxx\">The Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 measures the levels of autoantibodies directed against Dopamine D1 & D2 receptors, Lysoganglioside GM-1 and Tubulin and includes a brain cell stimulation assay.<\/div>\r\n    \r\n   \r\n   \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cf8072 e-con-full elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3cf8072\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231e39d e-con-full hpmenusm e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"231e39d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e62c0de hpmenusm e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e62c0de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eccfd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"1eccfd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-navigation-wrap text-left nav-menu67c96dea8c84d1eccfd3\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-navigation-inner menu-click main-menu-indicator-none sub-menu-indicator-none plus-menu-style-1\"  data-menu_transition=\"style-1\" data-mobile-menu-click=\"yes\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"theplus-navigation-normal-menu\" class=\"collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-navigation-menu menu-horizontal  \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-healthcare-provider-the-science\" class=\"nav navbar-nav yamm menu-hover-none  \"><li id=\"menu-item-10736\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10736 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"The Science\" href=\"\/medical\/autoimmune-brain-panel-science\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"The Science\">The Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10737\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10737 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"What does the&lt;br&gt;panel measure?\" href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-measure\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"What does the&lt;br&gt;panel measure?\">What does the<br>panel measure?<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10748\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10748 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"The panel sensitivity&lt;br&gt;and specificity\" href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-sensitivity\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"The panel sensitivity&lt;br&gt;and specificity\">The panel sensitivity<br>and specificity<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10749\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10749 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"Results and&lt;br&gt;symptom correlation\" href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-symptom-correlation\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"Results and&lt;br&gt;symptom correlation\">Results and<br>symptom correlation<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10760\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10760 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"What are healthcare&lt;br&gt;professionals saying\" href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-clinician-testimonial\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"What are healthcare&lt;br&gt;professionals saying\">What are healthcare<br>professionals saying<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-mobile-nav-toggle navbar-header mobile-toggle\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mobile-plus-toggle-menu  plus-collapsed toggle-style-4\"  data-target=\"#plus-mobile-nav-toggle-nav-menu67c96dea8c84d1eccfd3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"plus-mobile-nav-toggle-nav-menu67c96dea8c84d1eccfd3\" class=\"plus-mobile-menu   collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse plus-mobile-menu-content \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-mobile-menu\"><ul id=\"menu-healthcare-provider-the-science-1\" class=\"nav navbar-nav\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10736 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"The Science\" href=\"\/medical\/autoimmune-brain-panel-science\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"The Science\">The Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10737 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"What does the&lt;br&gt;panel measure?\" href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-measure\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"What does the&lt;br&gt;panel measure?\">What does the<br>panel measure?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10748 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"The panel sensitivity&lt;br&gt;and specificity\" href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-sensitivity\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"The panel sensitivity&lt;br&gt;and specificity\">The panel sensitivity<br>and specificity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10749 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"Results and&lt;br&gt;symptom correlation\" href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-symptom-correlation\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"Results and&lt;br&gt;symptom correlation\">Results and<br>symptom correlation<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom animate-dropdown menu-item-10760 plus-dropdown-menu-\" ><a title=\"What are healthcare&lt;br&gt;professionals saying\" href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-clinician-testimonial\/\" class=\"menu-link\" data-text=\"What are healthcare&lt;br&gt;professionals saying\">What are healthcare<br>professionals saying<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t \r\n\t\t<style>@media (min-width:1021px){.plus-navigation-wrap.nav-menu67c96dea8c84d1eccfd3 #theplus-navigation-normal-menu{display: block!important;}.plus-navigation-wrap.nav-menu67c96dea8c84d1eccfd3 #plus-mobile-nav-toggle-nav-menu67c96dea8c84d1eccfd3.collapse.in{display:none;}}@media (max-width:1020px){.plus-navigation-wrap.nav-menu67c96dea8c84d1eccfd3 #theplus-navigation-normal-menu{display:none !important;}.plus-navigation-wrap.nav-menu67c96dea8c84d1eccfd3 .plus-mobile-nav-toggle.mobile-toggle{display: -webkit-flex;display: -moz-flex;display: -ms-flex;display: flex;-webkit-align-items: center;-moz-align-items: center;-ms-align-items: center;align-items: center;-webkit-justify-content: flex-end;-moz-justify-content: flex-end;-ms-justify-content: flex-end;justify-content: flex-end;}.plus-navigation-wrap .plus-mobile-menu-content.collapse.swiper-container{display: block;}}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6557aba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6557aba\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60b2bd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60b2bd1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63f2326 text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-heading-title\" data-id=\"63f2326\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-heading-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading heading_style heading_style67c96dea9797d style-1 \" ><div class=\"sub-style \"  ><div class=\"head-title \" > <h2  class=\"heading-title   \"   data-hover=\"Autoantibody testing for neuropsychiatric disorders\">Autoantibody testing for neuropsychiatric disorders<span class=\"title-s \">  <\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50f907e text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-adv-text-block\" data-id=\"50f907e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-adv-text-block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pt-plus-text-block-wrapper\" ><div class=\"text_block_parallax\"><div class=\"pt_plus_adv_text_block \" ><div class=\"text-content-block\"><p class=\"innerp\">The Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 (also known as the Cunningham Panel\u2122) is a series of five proprietary, validated tests. Four of these tests measure circulating levels of specific autoantibodies in a patient\u2019s serum at the time the specimen is drawn.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerp\" style=\"margin-top: 12px\">The fifth test, the CaMKII assay, measures the ability of a patient\u2019s autoantibodies to stimulate this enzyme, resulting in an upregulation (or increase) of brain neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. This increase can trigger a variety of neurologic and\/or psychiatric symptoms.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8a010a elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a8a010a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/medical\/order-test\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">How To Order The Panel<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ce2e9d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ce2e9d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5009d1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5009d1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"656\" src=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/brain-panel-test.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10753\" alt=\"The Autoimmune Brain\u2122 is a series of five, highly complex metabolic tests\" srcset=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/brain-panel-test.jpg 668w, https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/brain-panel-test-300x295.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c6d6b1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6c6d6b1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76a2770 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"76a2770\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c3d2f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8c3d2f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/brain-panel-before-treatment-sm2.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTM5OTUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9kYW5pZWxjYW1lcm9ubWQuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wM1wvYnJhaW4tcGFuZWwtYmVmb3JlLXRyZWF0bWVudC1zbTIucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"708\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/brain-panel-before-treatment-sm2-708x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13995\" alt=\"Brain Panel before Treatment\" srcset=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/brain-panel-before-treatment-sm2-708x1024.png 708w, https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/brain-panel-before-treatment-sm2-207x300.png 207w, https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/brain-panel-before-treatment-sm2.png 766w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 708px) 100vw, 708px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c38c8db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c38c8db\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a3040 text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-heading-title\" data-id=\"88a3040\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-heading-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading heading_style heading_style67c96deaa6090 style-1 \" ><div class=\"sub-style \"  ><div class=\"head-title \" > <h2  class=\"heading-title   \"   data-hover=\"Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 Includes 5 Individual Tests  \">Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 Includes 5 Individual Tests  <span class=\"title-s \">  <\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-419b675 text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-adv-text-block\" data-id=\"419b675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-adv-text-block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pt-plus-text-block-wrapper\" ><div class=\"text_block_parallax\"><div class=\"pt_plus_adv_text_block \" ><div class=\"text-content-block\"><p class=\"innerp\">The neuronal targets included in the Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 were selected based upon their biological association with specific neurologic and psychiatric symptoms.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7360ff6 accr9layout elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-accordion\" data-id=\"7360ff6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"theplus-accordion-wrapper elementor-accordion   animate-general\" id=\"accordion67c96deabcc46\" data-accordion-id=\"accordion67c96deabcc46\" data-connection=\"\" data-accordion-type=\"accordion\" data-heightlight-text data-animate-type=\"transition.slideRightBigIn\" data-animate-delay=\"100\" data-animate-offset=\"85%\"    role=\"tablist\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\"> \r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"theplus-accordion-item\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" role=\"tab\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1201\" class=\"elementor-tab-title plus-accordion-header 0 text-left \" data-tab=\"1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1201\"itemprop=\"name\"\t\t\t\t\t>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:100%\"> Anti-Dopamine D1 Receptor<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"elementor-tab-content-1201\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix plus-accordion-content 0 \" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1201\"itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"\t\t\t\t\t\t> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-content-editor\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3 class=\"symxsybx\">Background on Dopamine Receptors<\/h3>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\">The dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) are widely distributed in the brain and mediate the effects of dopamine on: cognition, emotion, regulation of hunger, satiety, locomotor activity and on the endocrine system. <sup>1<\/sup> Dopamine receptors are highly concentrated on synaptic neurons in the brain.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">The dysregulation of the dopaminergic system has been linked to the pathophysiology of many diseases, such as schizophrenia, attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, and depression. <sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"symxsybx\" style=\"margin-top: 12px;\">Autoantibodies against Dopamine D1 Receptor<\/h3>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\">When a patient\u2019s autoantibodies are directed against this receptor, they can interfere with the normal function of this receptor by stimulating the receptor or by blocking the ability of dopamine to bind to this receptor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">This disruption of dopamine transmission can lead to the manifestation of various neuropsychiatric disorders. <sup>2, 3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">Individuals with elevated levels of anti-Dopamine D1 antibodies often reported having psychiatric symptoms including psychosis, OCD behaviors and tics, based upon our clinical laboratory patient population analysis.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"theplus-accordion-item\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" role=\"tab\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1202\" class=\"elementor-tab-title plus-accordion-header 0 text-left \" data-tab=\"2\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1202\"itemprop=\"name\"\t\t\t\t\t>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:100%\">Anti-Dopamine D2L Receptor<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"elementor-tab-content-1202\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix plus-accordion-content 0 \" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1202\"itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"\t\t\t\t\t\t> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-content-editor\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3 class=\"symxsybx\">Background on Dopamine Receptors<\/h3>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\">The dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) are widely distributed in the brain and mediate the effects of dopamine on: cognition, emotion, regulation of hunger, satiety, locomotor activity and on the endocrine system. <sup>1<\/sup> Dopamine receptors are highly concentrated on synaptic neurons in the brain.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">The dysregulation of the dopaminergic system has been linked to the pathophysiology of many diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson\u2019s disease, attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, depression and drug addiction. <sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"symxsybx\" style=\"margin-top: 12px;\">Autoantibodies against Dopamine D2 Receptor<\/h3>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\">Autoantibodies directed against this receptor can interfere with its normal function through overstimulation or by blocking dopamine\u2019s normal binding with the receptor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">Autoantibodies directed against D2 receptors correlated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms. <sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">Individuals with elevated levels of anti-Dopamine D2 antibodies often reported having symptoms involving uncontrolled motor movements, such as hyperactivity and impulsivity, <a href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-symptom-correlation\/\">based on analysis of our clinical laboratory population<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"theplus-accordion-item\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" role=\"tab\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1203\" class=\"elementor-tab-title plus-accordion-header 0 text-left \" data-tab=\"3\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1203\"itemprop=\"name\"\t\t\t\t\t>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:100%\">Anti-Lysoganglioside-GM1<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"elementor-tab-content-1203\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix plus-accordion-content 0 \" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1203\"itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"\t\t\t\t\t\t> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-content-editor\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3 class=\"symxsybx\">Autoantibodies Against Lysoganglioside-GM1<\/h3>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\">Lysoganglioside GM1 is located within the membrane of nerve cells and is highly concentrated in the central nervous system. It functions as insulation around the nerve cell and plays an important role in signal transmission in the brain. It provides a vital function in communication between neurons and ensures proper transmission of impulses.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">When a patient\u2019s autoantibodies are directed against lysoganglioside, they can interrupt this communication and interfere with normal nerve transmission.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">Individuals with elevated levels of anti-Lysoganglioside GM1 often reported having joint pain, connective tissue pain, headaches, and other types of neuropathy, <a href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-symptom-correlation\/\" style=\"color: #792966;\">based upon our clinical laboratory patient population analysis.<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">An autoimmune response against ganglioside GM1 has been implicated in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome. <sup>4,5,6<\/sup><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"theplus-accordion-item\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" role=\"tab\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1204\" class=\"elementor-tab-title plus-accordion-header 0 text-left \" data-tab=\"4\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1204\"itemprop=\"name\"\t\t\t\t\t>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:100%\">Anti-Tubulin<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"elementor-tab-content-1204\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix plus-accordion-content 0 \" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1204\"itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"\t\t\t\t\t\t> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-content-editor\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3 class=\"symxsybx\">Autoantibodies Against Tubulin<\/h3>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\">Tubulin is an intracellular protein that forms microtubules providing a skeleton for maintaining cell shape and is thought to be involved in cell motility and intracellular transport.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">Tubulin is contained within most every cell and is highly abundant and concentrated in brain cells. It plays an important role in cell signaling and communication within the cell.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">When a patient\u2019s autoantibodies are directed against Tubulin, OCD-like symptoms and cognitive impairment, such as \u2018brain fog\u2019 have been reported, <a href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-symptom-correlation\/\">based upon our clinical laboratory patient population analysis<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"theplus-accordion-item\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" role=\"tab\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1205\" class=\"elementor-tab-title plus-accordion-header 0 text-left \" data-tab=\"5\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1205\"itemprop=\"name\"\t\t\t\t\t>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:100%\">Calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"elementor-tab-content-1205\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix plus-accordion-content 0 \" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1205\"itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"\t\t\t\t\t\t> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"plus-content-editor\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3 class=\"symxsybx\">CaMKII \u2013 a Cell Stimulation Assay<\/h3>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\">Calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key enzyme that is involved in the upregulation of neurotransmitters: dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">CaMKII is involved in regulating various neuronal functions, such as neurotransmitter synthesis and release, receptor signaling, and long-term synaptic plasticity. It plays a crucial role in synaptic transmission and transmitter release.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"cpinw\">\n<div class=\"byauthx\">\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"font-weight: 500 !important;\">The CaMKII test performed in the Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 is a \u201ccell stimulation assay.\u201d This test involves growing human brain cells in culture and incubating the patient\u2019s serum on these cells to determine if autoantibodies that are present bind to and stimulate this enzyme.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\">If a patient\u2019s autoantibodies stimulate this enzyme, it can trigger abnormal neurologic, psychiatric and behavioral symptoms. <sup>7<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerpsmed\" style=\"margin-top: 8px;\">Elevated levels of CaMKII tend to indicate the presence of active infection of some type. <\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/div>  \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c1f278 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9c1f278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/pdf\/Autoimmune-Brain-Panel-Guide-for-Clinicians.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Clinician Guide<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6b401d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f6b401d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2899c27 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2899c27\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ea286f text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-heading-title\" data-id=\"0ea286f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-heading-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading heading_style heading_style67c96deac1e48 style-1 \" ><div class=\"sub-style \"  ><div class=\"head-title \" > <h2  class=\"heading-title   \"   data-hover=\"Interpreting test results\">Interpreting test results<span class=\"title-s \">  <\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3017cbf text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-adv-text-block\" data-id=\"3017cbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-adv-text-block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pt-plus-text-block-wrapper\" ><div class=\"text_block_parallax\"><div class=\"pt_plus_adv_text_block \" ><div class=\"text-content-block\"><p class=\"innerp\">The Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 is considered positive if one or more of these individual test results exceed their normal ranges. The autoantibody test results are expressed as titers (or final dilution) at which an endpoint was observed on an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) format. The CaMKII is a cell stimulation assay, which measures the stimulatory ability of a patient\u2019s autoantibody IgGs to increase the activity of the CaMKII enzyme within a human brain cell line. The result is a numeric score that reflects the percent above or below baseline activity.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f4975c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f4975c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67dae60 text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-heading-title\" data-id=\"67dae60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-heading-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading heading_style heading_style67c96deac561c style-1 \" ><div class=\"sub-style \"  ><div class=\"head-title \" > <h2  class=\"heading-title   \"   data-hover=\"Identifying autoimmune dysfunction\">Identifying autoimmune dysfunction<span class=\"title-s \">  <\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21724a3 text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-tp-adv-text-block\" data-id=\"21724a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tp-adv-text-block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pt-plus-text-block-wrapper\" ><div class=\"text_block_parallax\"><div class=\"pt_plus_adv_text_block \" ><div class=\"text-content-block\"><p class=\"innerp\">The Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 results can aid a clinician\u2019s diagnosis with supportive laboratory evidence of an autoimmune dysfunction directed against certain biological targets in the brain.<\/p>\n<p class=\"innerp\" style=\"margin-top: 10px\">By identifying an underlying autoimmune dysfunction, these results can assist the clinician in selecting an appropriate treatment regimen.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-639b50c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"639b50c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2666ef\" data-id=\"c2666ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-31ea2b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31ea2b2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-75be450\" data-id=\"75be450\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-19c0feb\" data-id=\"19c0feb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bceb7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"7bceb7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1290\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1290\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> References <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1290\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1784c81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1784c81\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d49eb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d49eb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hpresult\">\n<ol>\n \t<li>Chain Jennifer L., Alvarez Kathy, Mascaro-Blanco Adita, Reim Sean, Bentley Rebecca, Hommer Rebecca, Grant Paul, Leckman James F., Kawikova Ivana, Williams Kyle, Stoner Julie A., Swedo Susan E., Cunningham Madeleine W. \u201cAutoantibody Biomarkers for Basal Ganglia Encephalitis in Sydenham Chorea and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated With Streptococcal Infections.\u201d Frontiers In Psychiatry, vol. 11, 2020, p. 564.<\/li>\n \t<li>Ben-pazi, H., J.A. Stoner, and M.W. Cunningham, Dopamine receptor autoantibodies correlate with symptoms in Sydenham\u2019s chorea. PLoS One, 2013. 8(9): p. e73516<\/li>\n \t<li>Cunningham, M.W. and C.J. Cox, Autoimmunity against dopamine receptors in neuropsychiatric and movement disorders: a review of Sydenham chorea and beyond. Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2016. 216(1): p. 90-100.<\/li>\n \t<li>Pukin AV, Jacobs BC, Tio-Gillen AP, Gilbert M, Endtz HP, van Belkum A, Visser GM, Zuilhof H. Detection of antibodies in neuropathy patients by synthetic GM1 mimics. Glycobiology. 2011 Dec;21(12):1642-50.<\/li>\n \t<li>Yu RK, Usuki S, Ariga T. Ganglioside molecular mimicry and its pathological roles in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and related diseases. Infect Immun. 2006;74(12):6517-6527.<\/li>\n \t<li>Khalili-Shirazi A, Gregson N, Gray I, Rees J, Winer J, Hughes R. Antiganglioside antibodies in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after a recent cytomegalovirus infection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Mar;66(3):376-9.<\/li>\n \t<li>Kirvan, C. A., Swedo, S.E., Heuser, J.S., Cunningham, M.W. (2003). \u201cMimicry and autoantibody-mediated neuronal cell signaling in Sydenham chorea.\u201d&nbsp;Nature Medicine&nbsp;9(7): 914-920.<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef88aed\" data-id=\"ef88aed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e66a815 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e66a815\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c6870b\" data-id=\"7c6870b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f02e2ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f02e2ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Learn how the Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 can aid in the diagnosis of immune-mediated neuropsychiatric disorders.\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ad3cb0 schmbx e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9ad3cb0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4fe803 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4fe803\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9fe081 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e9fe081\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-sensitivity\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"619\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-specificity-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10466\" alt=\"Autoimmune Brain Panel Sensitivity &amp; Specificity\" srcset=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-specificity-2.jpg 619w, https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-specificity-2-243x300.jpg 243w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c36d355 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c36d355\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c0420 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"26c0420\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-symptom-correlation\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"619\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-results.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10462\" alt=\"Autoimmune Brain Panel Results and Symptom Correlation\" srcset=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-results.jpg 619w, https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-results-243x300.jpg 243w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24e0a20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24e0a20\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6bef42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d6bef42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/medical\/brain-panel-clinician-testimonial\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"619\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-clinician-testimonials.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10437\" alt=\"What healthcare providrers are saying about the Autoimmune Brain Panel\" srcset=\"https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-clinician-testimonials.jpg 619w, https:\/\/danielcameronmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/science-brain-panel-clinician-testimonials-243x300.jpg 243w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Science What Does The Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 Measure? The Autoimmune Brain Panel\u2122 measures the levels of autoantibodies directed against Dopamine D1 &#038; D2 receptors, Lysoganglioside GM-1 and Tubulin and includes a brain cell stimulation assay. The Science What does thepanel measure? The panel sensitivityand specificity Results andsymptom correlation What are healthcareprofessionals saying The Science [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":9915,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"disabled","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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