How effective is combination antibiotic treatment for tick-borne infections?

In this study, conducted in Dublin, Ireland, investigators examined the efficacy of combination antibiotic treatment on various types of tick-borne infections.

In their article “A Longitudinal Study of a Large Clinical Cohort of Patients with Lyme Disease and Tick-Borne Co-Infections Treated with Combination Antibiotics” Xi and colleagues looked at 140 individuals who tested positive for tick-borne infections (TBI) with 33% of those patients infected with multiple TBIs.¹

The authors found that out of the 140 participants:

• 93 (66.43%) had positive antibody responses to one tick-borne infection
• 83 (59.29%) were positive for Borrelia
• 7 (5.00%) were positive for Rickettsia
• 1 (0.71%) each for either Babesia, Bartonella, or Ehrlichia

The remaining 47 (33.57%) patients were infected with multiple tick-borne infections, including Borrelia, Babesia, Bartonella, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia.

The majority of patients were treated with a triple antibiotic combination regimen.

Most of the participants received 500 mg cefuroxime, 300 mg rifampicin, and 300 mg lymecycline. Treatment duration ranged between 12 and 40 weeks.

In the first follow-up visit with 118 patients, 59% reported having pain and 41% had neurological symptoms. Meanwhile, there was continued improvement in patient symptoms at the second follow-up visit. Out of 101 patients, 41% reported having pain and 30% had neurological symptoms.

“There were statistically significant reductions in the incidence of pain and neurological symptoms between follow-ups,” the authors wrote.

“Thus, our study demonstrates that combination antibiotics effectively relieve TBI symptoms with good patient tolerance.”

According to the survey, 52% of patients recalled having a tick bite, while 46% did not exhibit a bull’s-eye rash.

The patients exhibited significant improvements in their health status during the first and second follow-up visits.

“The three most common symptoms reported by the patients were pain, fatigue, and neurological symptoms, such as a tingling sensation in the limbs and memory defects,” the authors wrote.

At the second follow-up visit, “The number of patients suffering from pain, neurological symptoms, and fatigue decreased by 41.43%, 37.50%, and 17.54%, respectively,” according to the authors.

The improvement in pain and neurological symptoms was significant but fatigue continued to be problematic for patients.

Authors Takeaways:

• “Our study established that most patients in this cohort were infected with the Borrelia burgdorferi species, and about a third had co-infections with other tick-borne pathogens.”
• “Approximately half of the patients recalled receiving a tick bite and developing a bull’s-eye rash.”
• “Pain, fatigue, and neurological symptoms were among the most common persistent symptoms.”